Since Elon Musk’s acquisition of X (formerly Twitter), the platform has become a battleground for misinformation and conspiracy theories. Musk’s decision to reinstate banned users, many of whom were previously removed for spreading false claims, has led to a resurgence of misleading content. Figures like Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene and conspiracy theorist Alex Jones have returned to X, fueling a renewed spread of unverified and often dangerous narratives.
A Platform for Misinformation: The Return of Greene and Jones
One of the most controversial aspects of Musk’s leadership on X is the reinstatement of previously banned accounts, including that of Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., and Alex Jones. Both were removed for spreading harmful misinformation, but since their return, they have wasted no time pushing debunked conspiracy theories. For instance, after Hurricane Helene, Greene revived the long-debunked claim that government scientists can control the weather, insisting in her post, “It’s ridiculous for anyone to lie and say it can’t be done.”
Similarly, Alex Jones, a known conspiracy theorist, took to X to post false claims about both Hurricane Helene and Hurricane Milton. He suggested that the storms were somehow orchestrated by the Pentagon, warning his followers with alarming statements like “Treason Alert” and “America is the target.” The engagement on these posts was substantial, with Greene and Jones collectively amassing over 72,000 likes and 34,000 shares.
These are just a few examples of the kinds of falsehoods that have gained traction since Musk’s policy changes. Before his acquisition, both Greene and Jones were barred from the platform. However, under Musk’s ownership, they have rejoined the growing chorus of reinstated users who continue to spread disinformation.
A Shift in Political Discourse on X
Elon Musk’s decision to reinstate banned users has also contributed to a broader political shift on X. An analysis conducted by the New York Times revealed that most of the reinstated accounts lean far-right, and their reach is significant, with many of these users commanding large followings of at least 100,000 people. Figures such as Laura Loomer, a right-wing activist, Mike Lindell, the CEO of MyPillow, and Rogan O’Handley, a conservative commentator, are among those who have returned to the platform. These accounts have played a crucial role in circulating conspiracy theories and false claims, especially regarding immigration, race, and natural disasters.
Since Hurricane Helene, 80 accounts have posted over 500 times about government control of the weather and the Biden administration’s response to the storm. These posts have been shared over 1 million times, reflecting the influence and reach of these reinstated users. Similarly, in the past month alone, 51 accounts discussed false claims about “illegal immigrants,” accusing them of voter fraud, stealing taxpayer money, and being involved in terror plots. These misleading posts garnered over 2.7 million likes and shares.
This shift in discourse is part of a larger trend. Research indicates that Democrats have been abandoning X in increasing numbers, while Republicans continue to use the platform at steady rates. Musk’s own political alignment has been a factor, particularly after his public endorsement of Donald Trump for the 2024 presidential election. X has become a platform where right-wing voices dominate, and where the spread of false claims and conspiracy theories often go unchecked.
The Role of Musk in Amplifying False Narratives
Elon Musk has not only reinstated banned users but has also become an active participant in promoting their content. Musk frequently responds to and shares posts from these accounts, often elevating their reach to his own 200 million followers. This has created a feedback loop where the reinstated users gain more visibility and influence, further amplifying their false claims.
For example, several reinstated users amplified unsubstantiated rumors that government officials had mishandled the emergency response to Hurricane Helene. Despite being debunked by authorities, these rumors spread widely on X, with Musk himself sharing and engaging with many of the posts. The symbiotic relationship between Musk and these users has heightened their power to shape public discourse on X, leading to widespread dissemination of misleading information.
The scale of misinformation on X has significant implications for upcoming events, particularly the 2024 U.S. election. Many of the reinstated accounts have already begun sowing doubt about the election’s legitimacy, using language reminiscent of the false claims that led to the January 6 Capitol riot. Since their return, approximately 80% of these accounts have posted content questioning the integrity of the election, with posts receiving millions of reactions. One particular post, which shared a misleading video about voter registration of noncitizens, garnered over 750,000 views. Musk further amplified the post by sharing it with his vast audience.
X’s Struggle to Control Harmful Content
Despite X’s policies that prohibit hate speech, the spread of harmful media, and harassment, incendiary content continues to proliferate. While the platform still has rules in place, the enforcement of these rules has been inconsistent under Musk’s leadership. Many of the reinstated accounts tracked by the New York Times have violated these policies with posts that promote false or harmful narratives. However, the content often remains live and widely shared, suggesting a shift in the platform’s priorities under Musk’s ownership.
The “amnesty” policy, which Musk introduced early in his tenure, plays a significant role in this shift. By allowing the return of accounts previously suspended for spreading harmful content, X has become a more permissive environment for misinformation. The reinstated users are not only back, but many have also seen their follower counts skyrocket since their return, expanding their influence on the platform.
Conclusion: The Impact of Misinformation on X
Elon Musk’s ownership of X has transformed the platform into a powerful tool for the spread of false claims and conspiracy theories. The reinstatement of previously banned users, many of whom have large followings and significant influence, has contributed to a surge in misinformation on topics ranging from immigration to natural disasters. Musk’s personal engagement with these accounts has further amplified their reach, leading to millions of interactions with false and misleading content.
As the 2024 election approaches, the risk of misinformation on X remains high. The platform, once a space for social interaction, has become a battleground for political narratives, many of which are rooted in falsehoods. Without stronger enforcement of its own policies, X risks further damaging the integrity of public discourse.
